El entrenamiento en tapiz rodante a domicilio mejora la calidad seminal en adultos con diabetes de tipo 2

ObjectiveThis was the first study conducted to determine the influence of home-based treadmill training on seminal quality in adults with type 2 diabetes.Material and methodsSixty sedentary adults with type 2 diabetes volunteered for the current study. Thirty were randomly allocated to the intervention group and performed a a 14-week, home-based, treadmill training program, 3 sessions per week, consisting of a warm-up (10-15 min), 40 min treadmill exercise at a work intensity of 55-70% of peak heart rate (increasing by 2.5% each two weeks) measured during a maximal treadmill test, and cooling-down (5-10 min). The control group included 30, age and BMI matched adults with type 2 diabetes who did not take part in any training program. Seminal quality analysis included semen volume, sperm concentration, motility and normal morphologic features. Furthermore, total antioxidant status (TAS) as well as glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity were assessed in seminal plasma. This protocol was approved by an Institutional Ethics Committee.ResultsThe home-based treadmill training significantly increased sperm concentration as well as percentages of total sperm motility and normal spermatozoa. Furthermore, TAS and GPX activity were increased after the completion of the training program. No significant changes in any of the measured variables were found in the control group.ConclusionsHome-based treadmill training improved seminal quality in adults with type 2 diabetes. A secondary finding was that seminal antioxidant defense system was significantly increased after being exercised.     

经典名方中苦杏仁的本草考证

通过查阅相关历代本草记载，笔者对经典名方中所用苦杏仁的名称、基原、产地、品质评价及采收加工方法等进行了本草考证。经考证可知，《神农本草经》始载杏核；《新修本草》之后，逐渐以杏核仁为主流正名；杏仁为正名始见于《雷公炮炙论》，至明清时期逐渐作为主流正名。清代以前的本草未区分苦杏仁与甜杏仁，而清代的部分本草虽明确了两者的应用区别，但未将两者单独收载。直至1953年版《中华人民共和国药典》（以下简称《中国药典》）为区别用药，以苦杏仁为正名，甜杏仁见于各省中药材标准。历代苦杏仁基原以各版《中国药典》中杏Prunus armeniaca（《中国植物志》杏Armeniaca vulgaris）及其各栽培品中种子味苦者为主流。一般于五月采收其黄熟的果实，取出种核，破壳取仁，阴干或焙干，去皮尖入药。本草记载苦杏仁道地产区为山西太行山地区，现主产于我国北方的山西、山东、河北等地。历代本草认为杏仁有小毒，通过热处理后可减毒增效，燀法及清炒为历代主流炮制方法。此外，自明清时期以来，认为当取其发散作用时，应连皮尖生用。近现代以来，逐步形成历版《中国药典》中所规定的3种炮制品，即苦杏仁、燀苦杏仁及炒苦杏仁。基于考证，建议经典名方中的苦杏仁以杏A. vulgaris为基原，根据处方标注的炮制要求选用相应的炮制规格。     

家兔精液传播弓形虫的实验研究

目的 了解弓形虫能否通过精液传播，并探讨雌兔阴道不同健康状态对精液传播弓形虫的影响。 方法 8只健康新西兰雄兔经腹腔分别感染1×10⁵个RH株弓形虫速殖子，分别于感染前、后用假阴道采集雄兔精液，每周将采集到的精液混合液化后0.1 ml/只， 分别经宫腔内人工受精管感染4组阴道健康状态不同的成年新西兰雌兔（阴道正常组、阴道损伤组、滴虫性阴道炎组和霉菌性阴道炎组）， 共采集8周，将所得8份混合精液分别感染8次。每次受精后第2～3天耳缘静脉采血2 ml， 分别用ELISA和PCR检测血清抗弓形虫抗体和全血中弓形虫B1基因片段。 结果 ELISA结果显示，雌兔在初次受精后第16天可检测到抗弓形虫抗体，第1～4组抗体阳性家兔数分别有2、1、3和1只，ELISA阳性率为25.9％（7/27）。PCR检测最早在受精后3 d和最晚51 d可扩增出弓形虫B1基因片段200 bp， 第1～4组阳性家兔数分别有2、1、2和0只，PCR阳性率为18.5%（5/27）。其中两种检测结果均为阳性的3只。 结论 弓形虫可通过精液感染雌兔。雌兔的阴道健康状态对经精液感染弓形虫无影响。     

Exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers and male reproductive function in Greenland,Poland and Ukraine

Animal and a few human studies suggest that polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) may affect male reproductive function. The aim of the present study was to evaluate if male reproductive function was associated with serum level of PBDEs. We evaluated, in a cross-sectional study, the effects of environmental exposure to BDE-47 and BDE-153 on reproductive hormones and semen quality, including markers of DNA damage and apoptosis, in 299 spouses of pregnant women from Greenland, Poland and Ukraine. Adjusted linear regression models indicated no strong associations between BDE-47 or BDE-153 exposure and markers of male semen quality or reproductive hormones. In the largest study to date we demonstrate that BDE-47 and BDE-153 exposure was not associated with altered semen characteristics or reproductive hormones, indicating that male reproductive function is not affected by the exposure level of these compounds in fertile European or Arctic populations.     

Pyrethroid insecticide exposure and semen quality of young Japanese men

The present study aimed at assessing the relationship between exposure to pyrethroid insecticides and semen quality in 323 university students recruited in a population-based manner in Metropolitan Tokyo. Urinary concentrations of pyrethroid insecticide metabolite, 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), were measured by LC/MS/MS and semen parameters were measured by following internationally harmonized protocols. Median urinary 3-PBA concentration was 0.641 ng/mL (specific gravity-adjusted, n = 322). Median values of semen volume, sperm concentration, motility, total number of sperm, and total number of motile sperm were 2.5 mL, 56 × 10⁶/mL, 61%, 141 × 10⁶, and 82 × 10⁶, respectively. Urinary concentration of 3-PBA was not selected as significant in multiple regression models indicating, in contrast to previous findings, that environmental exposure to pyrethroid insecticides did not affect semen quality. This inconsistency may be related to exposure to different pyrethroid insecticides and/or levels of exposure as well as to survey design (hospital- vs population-based subject recruitment).     

芡实多糖理化性质及抗氧化活性研究

采用水提醇沉、脱蛋白等工艺制备中药芡实多糖,并通过纤维素柱和葡聚糖凝胶柱分离纯化。精多糖分子量为15 367 Da,其单糖组成为葡萄糖：鼠李糖（0．0142：0．0026）,理化反应和红外光谱均符合多糖特征。体外抗氧化实验表明,芡实多糖能够显著清除DPPH、超氧阴离子和过氧化氢等自由基,并具有较强还原力。体内抗氧化实验显示,芡实多糖能够显著提高D-半乳糖所致衰老小鼠的SOD、CAT、GSH—Px水平,降低MDA水平。结果表明,芡实多糖具有广泛的研究前景。     

Effect of lubricants and a vaginal spermicide gel on the detection of prostate specific antigen,a biomarker of semen exposure,using a quantitative (Abbott ARCHITECT) assay

Objectives

Little is known about the effects of commonly used lubricants on detection of biomarkers of semen exposure. We investigated the in vitro effect of Gynol®, K-Y Jelly®, Replens®, Astroglide®, Carbopol, and Silicorel on quantitative detection of prostate specific antigen (PSA).

Study Design

A predetermined concentration of each of the gels was added to serially diluted semen samples. Additionally, serial dilutions of each of the gels were added to three different semen dilutions (high, medium, or low). The resulting samples were tested for PSA on the Abbott ARCHITECT System.

Results

When using the Abbott ARCHITECT system, the only products that inhibited PSA detection were Gynol® and Replens®. The inhibition caused by Gynol® was dose-dependent, but that of Replens was dose-independent. K-Y Jelly®-spiked samples had higher PSA values than controls.

Conclusions

Caution is warranted when using the Abbott quantitative assay for PSA detection as a biomarker of semen exposure in settings where Gynol®, Replens® or K-Y Jelly® might also have been used. Neither Astroglide® nor Silicorel inhibited PSA detection. Additional studies evaluating other vaginal products, including microbicides, and their effects on other assays, are needed. In vivo studies will be especially important to optimize PSA detection from clinical samples.

Implications

Researchers should consider the potential for specific lubricants or any vaginal products to affect the particular assay used for semen biomarker detection. The Abbott ARCHITECT’s total PSA assay should not be used with the product Replens. Caution is warranted when using the assay in settings where Gynol or K-Y jelly may have been used.     

Does tenofovir gel or do other microbicide products affect detection of biomarkers of semen exposure in vitro?

Objectives

There is currently no information on whether products evaluated in HIV microbicide trials affect the detection of the semen biomarkers prostate-specific antigen (PSA) or Y chromosome DNA.

Study Design

We tested (in vitro) dilutions of tenofovir (TFV), UC781 and the hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) placebo gels using the Abacus ABAcard and the quantitative (Abbott Architect total PSA) assays for PSA and Y chromosome DNA by real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Results

TFV gel and the HEC placebo adversely affected PSA detection using the ABAcard but not the Abbott Architect total PSA assay. UC781 adversely affected both the ABAcard and Abbott Architect total PSA assays. While there were some quantitative changes in the magnitude of the signal, none of the products affected positivity of the Y chromosome assay.

Conclusions

The presence of TFV or HEC gels did not affect quantitative PSA or Y chromosome detection in vitro. Confirmation of these findings is recommended using specimens obtained following use of these gels in vivo.

Implications

Researchers should consider the potential for specific microbicides or any products to affect the particular assay used for semen biomarker detection. The ABAcard assay for PSA detection should not be used with TFV UC781, or HEC.     

龙胆紫染色用于分析精子存活率的方法学研究

目的:探讨龙胆紫染色区分存活精子和死亡精子可能性,以提供一种判定精子存活率的新方法,为男性精液检测和质量评价提供依据。方法:采用不同浓度的龙胆紫溶液对精液样本染色,在光学显微镜下观察染色结果,讨论区分存活精子和死亡精子的标准,并计数一定数量的总精子数,计算存活率,并将计算结果与标准方法比较。结果:经过龙胆紫溶液(0.05%,M/V)染色后在显微镜下存活精子呈现淡蓝色,而死亡精子呈现深紫色,计算获得的存活率与伊红染色法(0.5%,M/V)的结果比较差异统计学意义(t=0.862,双侧P=0.403)。结论:一定浓度的龙胆紫染色后能够清楚地区分存活精子和死亡精子,该法获得的精子存活率结果可靠,龙胆紫染色法可以作为一种新的分析精子存活率的方法。     

中山地区男性不育患者精液质量分析

目的对中山地区男性不育患者的精液进行常规分析,了解中山地区男性不育患者精液质量的现状。方法按照《世界卫生组织人类精液检查与处理实验室手册》（第5版）的标准,应用西班牙人类精液分析微机辅助智能系统（CASA）对2012年10月～2013年6月来中山市博爱医院生殖中心就诊的2224例不育男性患者的精液进行常规检测和采用改良巴氏染色法分析精子正常形态率。结果2224例不育男性精液中正常者1113例（31．61％）,异常者1521例（68．39％）,其中液化异常964例（43．35％）,pH值异常124例（5．58％）,精子总数异常1002例（45．05％）,精子浓度异常556例（25．0％）,精子存活率异常1031例（46．36％）,精子总活力（PR＋NP）异常1208例（54．31％）,无精子症372例（16．72％）,精子正常形态率异常1021例（45．91％）。结论精子总活力、存活率下降,精子总数减少,精子正常形态率下降和精液液化不良是引起中山地区男性患者不育的主要原因,临床上应加于重视。